Internal combustion engine



-May 14, 1935. F LANG 2,001,535

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Dec. l, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheetl l@y mm,

Ma, 14,1955. F, LANG 2,001,535

` INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed Dec. 1, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet2 Patented May 14, 1935 INTERNAL COlVIBUSTION ENGINE Franz Lang, Munich,

Germany, assig'nor to Lanova Aktiengesellschaft, Vaduz, LiechtensteinOriginal pplcation December 1, 1930, Serial No.

499,224. ber 1, 1933, December 27, 1929 Divided and this applicationNovem- Serial No. 696,155. In Germany 3 claims. (C1. 12a-4s) Myinvention relates to a fuel injection internal combustion engine of thetype which embodies an air chamber in which uid is compressed during thecompression stroke of the piston and from which the uid issues duringthe working stroke of the piston.

'I'he instant invention is directed to an improved combustion chamber,fuel nozzle and air chamber relationship, and to improved air chamberfeatures, to the end of obtaining thorough mixing of the charge, ease instarting and simplicity of construction, and preventing raw oil fromcontacting the polished surface of thecylinder. Further objects andadvantages of my invention will appear from the detail description.

This application is a-division of my copending application, Serial No.499,224, filed December 1, 1930, for Internal combustion engines.

In the drawings:-

Figure 1 is an axial sectional view through the outer end portion of acylinder of an engine emiodying my invention, parts being shown ineleva- Figure 2 is a section taken substantially on line A-B of Figure1;

Figure 3 is a View similar to Figure 1, on an enlarged scale,illustrating a modified form of air storage chamber;

Figure 4 is a section taken substantially on line C-D of Figure 3, partsbeing shown in elevation;

Figure 5 is a central longitudinal section through the modified form ofair storagechamber of Figures 3 and 4, on an enlarged scale, parts beingshown in elevation and the piston valve being shown in its innermostposition; and

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5, but with the piston valve in itsoutermost position.

The engine illustrated, by way of example, comprises a cylinder c,piston p operating in the cylinder, cylinder head h, and fuel injectionnozzle g extending through head h coaxially with the cylinder.

In the form of my invention illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, plug-likeair storage chambers a, each comprising an elongated cylindrical casing,screw into bosses b integral with head h and disposed radially thereof.The chambers a open into the combustion space of the cylinder radiallythereof, through nozzles d each shaped to provide a venturi.

Upon the compression stroke of the piston, fluid from above the piston,mostly pure air, is compressed and stored under high pressure in thechambers a. As the piston approaches top dead center fuel is injectedinto the combustion space of the cylinder, substantially axially of thelatter, by means of nozzle g. The upwardly moving piston andthe flow ofair into the chambers a combine to prevent contact of the injected fuelwith the polished surface of the cylinder. Injection of fuel continuesduring l predeterminedl downward travel of the piston, on its workingstroke, and during this time the stored air is ejected at high velocityfrom chambers a, through nozzles d thereof, into the combustion space ofthe cylinder. The air streams, entering the cylinder at high velocityand radially thereof, effectively prevent contact of the injected oilwith the polished surface of the cylinder. These air streams also imparthigh turbulence to the charge, assuring thorough intermixing of the airand fuel, which contributes to increased smoothness and efliciency inoperation.

In the modified form illustrated in Figures 3 to 6, inclusive, the airchambers are adjustable as to effective capacity. Each air chamber a'comprises a preliminary chamber e opening, at its outer end, into a mainchamber f. A piston valve v operates in chamber f and is provided withconical end elements i and j which cooperate with corresponding seats kand l of air chamber a and a sealing plug m, respectively, the latterscrewing into the outer end of chamber a'. Stern n of valve v screwsthrough plug m and is provided, at its outer end, with a hexagonal heado for reception of a suitable Wrench.

When Valve c is in its innermost position, as in Figures 3, 4 and 5, theeffective capacity of the air storage chamber a is restricted to thepreliminary chamber e, which is of relatively small volume. Thisfacilitates starting of the engine. After the engine is in operation,valve 'u may be moved into its outermost position, shown in Figure 6, orinto any suitable intermediate position. In this connection, valve 'Dfits snugly within the main chamber f and, if desired, any suitable orpreferred packing means maybe provided to assure a fluid tight closurebetween this valve and the surrounding wall of the chamber.

Injection nozzle y may be provided with openings suitably disposed toinject oil into the combustion space of the cylinder radially thereof,as indicated by the arrows in Figure 4, instead of axially of thecylinder as in Figure 1. The air storage chambers a' act to store airunder high pressure, and this air is ejected into the combustion spaceof the cylinder radially thereof and at high velocity, acting to preventcontact of raw oil with the polished surface of the cylinder and toimpart high turbulence to the charge, in the same manner as in theengine of Figures 1 and 2.

What I claim is:-

1. In combination in an injection engine, a cylinder and a headtherefor, a piston operating in the cylinder and, when in its positionof maximum compression, defining with said head and the adjacent endportion of said cylinder a combustion space, an injection nozzledisposed to inject fuel directly into said space, an air storage chamberopening into said combustion space through a restricted orifice and apassage leading thereto from said combustion space, said air storagechamber comprising a preliminary chamber of fixed volume disposed atthe. outer end of said orifice and a cylindrical main chamber at theouter end of said preliminary f chamber and forming a continuationthereof, a cylindrical valve fitting snugly within said main chamber andforminga fiuid tight closure with the circumferential wall thereof, andmeans for adjusting said valve lengthwise of said main chamber.

2. In combination in an injection engine, a cylinder and a headtherefor, a piston operating in the cylinder and, when in its positionof maximum compression, defining with said head and the adjacent endportion of said cylinder a combustion space, an injection nozzledisposed to inject fuel directly into said space, an air storage chamberopening into said combustion space through a restricted orifice and apassage leading thereto from said combustion space, said air storagechamber comprising a cylindrical preliminary chamber of fixed volumedisposed at the outer end of said 4orifice and a cylindrical mainchamber coaxial with said preliminary chamber and communicating with theouter end thereof through a restricted opening, said main chamber beingprovided with a valve seat surrounding said opening, a cylindrical valvetting'snugly within said main chamber and forming a fiuid tight closurewith the circumferential wall thereof, and means for adjusting saidvalve lengthwise of said main chamber, said valve in its innermostposition cooperating with said seat and shutting oii communicationbetween said preliminary chamber and said main chamber.

3. In combination in an injectionengine, a cylinder and a head therefor,a piston operating in the cylinder and, when in its position of maximumcompression, defining with said head and the adjacent end portion ofsaid cylinder a combustion space, an injection nozzle disposed to injectfuel directly into said space, a cylindrical air storage chamber openinginto said combustion space through a, Venturi nozzle defining arestricted oriflceand two passages leading thereto, said passagesleading from and flaring toward said combustion space and said airstorage chamber, respectively, a cylindrical valve iitting snugly withinsaid air storage chamber and forming a fluid tight"=closure with thecircumferential wall thereof, and means for adjusting said valvelengthwise of said air storage chamber.

FRANZ LANG.

